02548nas a2200229   4500008004100000245018000041210006900221260001300290300001200303490000700315520180400322653001302126653001302139653001302152653001502165653001502180653003102195100001202226700001602238700002302254856004102277       2005                        eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2, 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological characters0 aPhylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae Hymenoptera Ichn  bElsevier  a104-1160 v373 aPhylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae were examined using homologous 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2 region, and 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological data using both PAUP* 4.0 and MRBAYES 3.0B4 from 88 in-group taxa representing 35 subfamilies. The monophyletic nature of almost all subfamilies, of which multiple representatives are present in this study, is well- supported except for two subfamilies, Cenocoelinae and Neoneurinae that should probably be treated as tribal rank taxa in the sub- family Euphorinae. The topology of the trees generated in the present study supported the existence of three large generally accepted lineage or groupings of subfamilies: two main entirely endoparasitic lineages of this family, referred to as the “helconoid complex” and the “microgastroid complex,” and the third “the cyclostome.” The Aphidiinae was recovered as a member of the non-cyclosto- mes, probably a sister group of Euphorinae or Euphorinae-complex. The basal position of the microgastroid complex among the non-cyclostomes has been found in all our analyses. The cyclostomes were resolved as a monophyletic group in all analyses if two putatively misplaced groups (Mesostoa and Aspilodemon) were excluded from them. Certain well-supported relationships evident in this family from the previous analyses were recovered, such as a sister-group relationships of Alysiinae+Opiinae, of Braconinae+Doryctinae, and a close relationship between Macrocentrinae, Xiphozelinae, Homolobinae, and Charmontinae. The relationships of “Ichneutinae+((Adeliinae+Cheloninae)+(Miracinae+(Cardiochilinae+Microgastrinae)))” was conWrmed within the microgastroid complex. The position of Acampsohelconinae, Blacinae, and Trachypetinae is problematic. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.10a16S rDNA10a18S rDNA10a28S rDNA10aBraconidae10amorphology10aPhylogenetic relationships1 aShi, M.1 aChen, X.-X.1 avan Achterberg, C.  uhttp://seag-insectes.com/fr/node/447