01873nas a2200205   4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260001300213300001200226490000700238520127400245653001301519653001501532653001601547653001501563653001201578100001601590700002001606856004101626       2006                        eng d00aDissecting the ancient rapid radiation of microgastrine wasp genera using additional nuclear genes0 aDissecting the ancient rapid radiation of microgastrine wasp gen  bElsevier  a690-7030 v413 aPrevious estimates of a generic level phylogeny for the ubiquitous parasitoid wasp subfamily Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera) have been problematic due to short internal branches deep in the phylogeny. These short branches might be attributed to a rapid radiation among the taxa, the use of genes that are unsuitable for the levels of divergence being examined, or insufficient quantity of data. We added over 1200 nucleotides from four nuclear genes to a data set derived from three genes to produce a data set of over 3000 nucleotides per taxon. While the number of well-supported short branches in the phylogeny increased, we still did not obtain strong bootstrap support for every node. Parametric and non-parametric bootstrap simulations projected that an enormous, and likely unobtainable, amount of data would be required to get bootstrap support greater than 50% for every node. However, a marked increase in the number of well-supported nodes was seen when we conducted a Bayesian analysis of a combined data set generated from morphological characters added to the seven gene data set. Our results suggest that, in some cases, combining morphological and genetic characters may be the most practical way to increase support for short branches deep in a phylogeny.10aBayesian10aBraconidae10aHymenoptera10amorphology10asupport1 aBanks, J.C.1 aWhitfield, J.B.  uhttp://seag-insectes.com/fr/node/156