02365nas a2200205   4500008004100000245015700041210006900198300001200267490000700279520156600286653003201852653001501884653002901899653001401928653002601942100002601968700001301994700001902007856013302026       2006                        eng d00aSystematics of the cyclostome subfamilies of braconid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea): A simultaneous molecular and morphological Bayesian0 aSystematics of the cyclostome subfamilies of braconid parasitic   a130-1450 v383 aPhylogenetic relationships among 95 genera collectively representing 17 of the 18 currently recognized cyclostome braconid wasp sub- families were investigated based on DNA sequence fragments of the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear 28S rDNA genes, in addition to morphological data. The treatment of sequence length variation of the 28S partition was explored by either excluding ambiguously aligned regions and indel information (28SN) or recoding them (28SA) using the ‘fragment-level’ alignment method with a modiWed cod- ing approach. Bayesian MCMC analyses were performed for the separate and combined data sets and a maximum parsimony analysis was also carried out for the simultaneous molecular and morphological data sets. There was a signiWcant incongruence between the two genes and between 28S and morphology, but not for morphology and COI. DiVerent analyses with the 28SA data matrix resulted in topologies that were generally similar to the ones from the 28SN matrix; however, the former topologies recovered a higher number of signiWcantly supported clades and had a higher mean Bayesian posterior probability, thus supporting the inclusion of information from ambiguously aligned regions and indel events in phylogenetic analyses where possible. Based on the signiWcantly supported clades obtained from the simultaneous molecular and morphological analyses, we propose that a total of 17 subfamilies should be recognized within the cyclostome group. The subfamilial placements of several problematic cyclostome genera were also established.10aambiguously aligned regions10aBraconidae10afragment-level alignment10aphylogeny10asimultaneous analysis1 aZaldivar-Riverón, A.1 aMori, M.1 aQuicke, D.L.J.  uhttp://seag-insectes.com/en/content/systematics-cyclostome-subfamilies-braconid-parasitic-wasps-hymenoptera-ichneumonoidea-simul