@article {447,
	title = {Phylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) inferred from partial 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2, 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological characters},
	journal = {Molecular phylogenetics and evolution},
	volume = {37},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {104-116},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Phylogenetic relationships among the Braconidae were examined using homologous 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA D2 region, and 18S rDNA gene sequences and morphological data using both PAUP* 4.0 and MRBAYES 3.0B4 from 88 in-group taxa representing 35 subfamilies. The monophyletic nature of almost all subfamilies, of which multiple representatives are present in this study, is well- supported except for two subfamilies, Cenocoelinae and Neoneurinae that should probably be treated as tribal rank taxa in the sub- family Euphorinae. The topology of the trees generated in the present study supported the existence of three large generally accepted lineage or groupings of subfamilies: two main entirely endoparasitic lineages of this family, referred to as the {\textquotedblleft}helconoid complex{\textquotedblright} and the {\textquotedblleft}microgastroid complex,{\textquotedblright} and the third {\textquotedblleft}the cyclostome.{\textquotedblright} The Aphidiinae was recovered as a member of the non-cyclosto- mes, probably a sister group of Euphorinae or Euphorinae-complex. The basal position of the microgastroid complex among the non-cyclostomes has been found in all our analyses. The cyclostomes were resolved as a monophyletic group in all analyses if two putatively misplaced groups (Mesostoa and Aspilodemon) were excluded from them. Certain well-supported relationships evident in this family from the previous analyses were recovered, such as a sister-group relationships of Alysiinae+Opiinae, of Braconinae+Doryctinae, and a close relationship between Macrocentrinae, Xiphozelinae, Homolobinae, and Charmontinae. The relationships of {\textquotedblleft}Ichneutinae+((Adeliinae+Cheloninae)+(Miracinae+(Cardiochilinae+Microgastrinae))){\textquotedblright} was conWrmed within the microgastroid complex. The position of Acampsohelconinae, Blacinae, and Trachypetinae is problematic. {\textcopyright} 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, Braconidae, morphology, Phylogenetic relationships},
	author = {Shi, M. and Chen, X.-X. and Achterberg, C. van}
}
